GRAPHITE / GRAPHENE
Graphite and Graphene are advanced carbon-based materials that can be produced from biochar, a stable form of carbon obtained through biomass pyrolysis. Further biochar processing can convert it into high-purity graphite and graphene, which possess remarkable electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties. Graphite is known for its use in batteries and as a lubricant, while graphene—a single layer of carbon atoms derived from graphite—exhibits exceptional strength, conductivity, and versatility. The sustainable production of these materials from biochar adds value to biomass and supports the development of renewable and eco-friendly technologies.
Applications Across Industries:
Energy Storage and Batteries: Biochar-derived graphite is a crucial component in lithium-ion batteries and is used as the anode material. Its ability to efficiently store and release lithium ions makes it essential for the performance and longevity of batteries in electric vehicles (EVs) and portable electronics. Graphene, produced from biochar-derived graphite, is being explored for its potential to revolutionise battery technology. Its high surface area and excellent conductivity could lead to developing next-generation batteries and supercapacitors with faster charging times, greater energy density, and longer lifespans.
Electronics and Semiconductors: Graphene’s extraordinary electrical conductivity and flexibility make it an ideal material for advanced electronic applications. Graphene can be synthesised and used from biochar to develop high-speed transistors, flexible electronic devices, and transparent conductive films. These applications pave the way for innovations such as foldable smartphones, ultra-fast processors, and more efficient solar cells.
Composite Materials: Both graphite and graphene enhance the properties of composite materials. When incorporated into polymers, graphite improves thermal conductivity and mechanical strength, making it suitable for heat sinks and high-performance coatings. Graphene, due to its superior strength and lightweight, is being used to create stronger and more durable composites, with applications ranging from aerospace components to sports equipment.
Construction: Biochar-derived graphite can be used as a conductive additive in building materials. Graphene-enhanced concrete and other construction materials are being developed to increase strength, reduce weight, and improve durability. These innovations contribute to more sustainable and resilient infrastructure with reduced environmental impact.
Environmental Applications: Graphene’s exceptional surface area and chemical stability make it ideal for environmental applications. It can be used in water purification systems to remove contaminants, air filters to capture pollutants, and sensors to detect environmental hazards. The production of graphene from biochar provides a sustainable source of this advanced material and supports efforts to reduce waste and enhance environmental protection.
Pharmaceuticals and Biomedical Applications: In the pharmaceutical and biomedical fields, biochar-derived graphene is being explored for its potential in drug delivery systems, biosensors, and tissue engineering. Its biocompatibility and high surface area make it an excellent drug carrier, allowing for targeted and controlled release. Additionally, graphene's conductive properties are utilised to develop advanced medical devices and diagnostic tools.
Carbon Credits and Sustainability: Producing graphite and graphene from biochar contributes to sustainability by creating high-value materials from renewable biomass. This process supports the circular economy, reduces the reliance on non-renewable resources, and helps in carbon sequestration. Although carbon credits are not yet widely awarded for these specific products, the environmental benefits of using biochar as a feedstock for advanced materials are gaining recognition.
