Hydrogen is a clean and versatile energy carrier crucial in transitioning to a low-carbon economy. It can be sustainably sourced from biomass through various processes such as gasification, pyrolysis, and bio-oil reforming. These methods convert organic matter into hydrogen, offering a renewable alternative to conventional hydrogen production, which typically relies on natural gas. Biomass-derived hydrogen has the potential to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions, making it an essential component of future energy systems. 

Applications Across Industries: 

• Energy Production and Storage: Hydrogen sourced from biomass is a key player in the energy sector. It is used in fuel cells to generate electricity, with water as the only byproduct. This makes it an ideal solution for clean energy production, particularly in transportation, where hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are gaining traction as a zero-emission alternative to traditional combustion engines. Additionally, hydrogen is used for energy storage, enabling the integration of intermittent renewable energy sources like wind and solar by storing excess energy and releasing it when needed. 

• Industrial Applications: Hydrogen is widely used in various industrial processes, including refining, chemical production, and metal processing. Biomass-derived hydrogen can replace conventional hydrogen in these industries, reducing the carbon footprint of activities such as ammonia synthesis for fertilisers, methanol production, and petroleum refining. Green hydrogen in these applications supports the decarbonisation of traditionally high-emission industries. 

• Transportation: Hydrogen has significant potential in the transportation sector, particularly in heavy-duty and long-haul transport where battery-electric solutions may not be feasible. Hydrogen fuel cells offer a high energy density and quick refuelling times, making them suitable for buses, trucks, trains, and ships. Biomass-derived hydrogen provides a sustainable alternative, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions across the transport sector. 

• Chemical Industry: In the chemical industry, hydrogen from biomass is used as a feedstock to produce a wide range of chemicals, including synthetic fuels, plastics, and fertilisers. The sustainable nature of biomass-derived hydrogen contributes to developing greener chemical processes and products, supporting the circular economy and reducing environmental impact. 

• Heating and Power for Buildings: Biomass-derived hydrogen can provide heating and power for residential and commercial buildings. Hydrogen boilers and combined heat and power (CHP) systems offer a clean and efficient way to meet energy needs, particularly in regions where heating electrification is challenging. The integration of hydrogen into building energy systems contributes to the decarbonisation of the built environment. 

• Carbon Credits and Sustainability: Hydrogen production from biomass contributes to sustainability by offering a renewable source for this critical energy carrier. It supports the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the achievement of climate goals. While the carbon credits system for biomass-derived hydrogen is still developing, its role in carbon reduction and environmental protection is increasingly recognised, positioning it as a vital component of the future green economy.